![]() The borrowing of vocabulary items is a common process, also called lexical diffusion. ![]() Methods from sociolinguistics (the study of language use in society), from corpus linguistics and from formal linguistics are used in the study of language contact. ![]() Multilingualism has been common throughout much of human history, and today most people in the world are multilingual. In many other cases, contact between speakers occurs but the lasting effects on the language are less visible they may, however, include loan words, calques or other types of borrowed material. The common products include pidgins, creoles, code-switching, and mixed languages. Language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing and relexification. Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum languages, or as the result of migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum. When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other. The study of language contact is called contact linguistics. Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other. Sociolinguistic process influencing language evolution
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